In building insulation, industrial insulation, and HVAC systems, glass wool and rock wool are the two most widely used inorganic fiber insulation materials. While they share some similarities in appearance and application, significant differences exist in their raw material composition, physical properties, and applicable scenarios. A correct understanding of the performance differences between glass wool and rock wool helps in more rational material selection for engineering projects.

I. Differences in Raw Materials and Manufacturing Processes

1. Material Sources of Glass Wool

Glass wool primarily uses quartz sand, limestone, and recycled glass as raw materials, which are melted at high temperatures and then processed into fibrous materials through centrifugal or blown processes. Its fibers are long, soft, and have a relatively loose overall structure.

2. Material Sources of Rock Wool

Rock wool primarily uses natural rocks such as basalt and diabase as raw materials, which are melted at high temperatures and drawn into inorganic fibers. Its fibers are relatively short and coarse, with a higher structural density and stronger mechanical stability.

From the perspective of raw materials and processes, this is the fundamental reason for the performance differences between glass wool and rock wool.

II. Comparison of Thermal Insulation Performance of Glass Wool

1. Thermal Conductivity

In typical building application temperature ranges:

Glass wool has a low thermal conductivity, resulting in excellent insulation performance, especially suitable for scenarios requiring high insulation efficiency.

Rock wool has a slightly higher thermal conductivity than glass wool, but still provides good insulation in practical engineering.

Therefore, under the same thickness conditions, glass wool has a slight advantage in insulation efficiency.

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III. Analysis of Fire Resistance Differences

1. Fire Resistance Advantages of Rock Wool

Rock wool is a typical non-combustible material with excellent high-temperature resistance. Its structure remains stable in high-temperature or fire environments, and its performance is not easily altered. It is often used in building components with high fire resistance requirements.

2. Fire Resistance Characteristics of Glass Wool

Glass wool is also an inorganic insulation material with good fire resistance, but its fiber structure stability is slightly lower than that of rock wool in extremely high-temperature environments.

In scenarios with stringent fire safety requirements, rock wool is generally more advantageous.

IV. Differences in Mechanical Properties and Structural Stability

Rock wool has a denser structure, resulting in better compressive strength and dimensional stability, making it suitable for exterior walls, roofs, and other applications requiring structural strength.

Glass wool is softer and more resilient, making it more suitable for applications requiring higher flexibility, such as ductwork and equipment covering.

This is a key reason why the two materials have different applications in construction.

V. Comparison of Sound Absorption and Noise Reduction Performance

From an acoustic performance perspective:

Glass wool has long, thin fibers and high porosity, resulting in better absorption of mid-to-high frequency noise.

Rock wool has a relatively dense structure, providing stable sound absorption for broadband noise.

In practical engineering, both are widely used in sound absorption and noise reduction systems, but their application focuses differ slightly.

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VI. Differences in Moisture Resistance and Environmental Adaptability

Rock wool exhibits better structural stability in high-humidity environments, making it suitable for exterior walls or areas with complex environmental conditions.

Glass wool typically requires the use of a moisture barrier and is more suitable for indoor use or duct systems, where environmental influences are less significant.

Proper protective design can effectively extend the service life of both materials.

VII. Comparison of Typical Application Scenarios

Common Applications of Glass Wool:

HVAC Duct Insulation

Indoor Sound Insulation and Absorption Projects

Equipment and Pipe Insulation

Common Applications of Rock Wool:

Exterior Wall and Roof Insulation

Fireproof Barriers

Insulation for Industrial Equipment and High-Temperature Areas

VIII. How to Choose Based on Project Needs

In actual engineering projects, the choice between glass wool and rock wool should consider the following factors:

Insulation Performance Requirements

Fire Resistance Standards

Structural Strength Requirements

Environmental Conditions

Installation Method and System Structure

There is no absolute superiority or inferiority, only more suitable application scenarios.

Overall, the main differences between glass wool and rock wool lie in insulation efficiency, fire resistance, structural strength, and applicable scenarios. Glass wool is more suited for lightweight, efficient, and flexible insulation and sound absorption applications, while rock wool has significant advantages in fire resistance and structural stability.

In building and industrial insulation projects, it is essential to distinguish the performance characteristics of both in order to achieve a balance between safety, energy efficiency, and economy.