Among the performance parameters of glass wool, density is a crucial indicator. It not only affects the strength of the product but is also closely related to its thermal insulation, sound absorption, and compressive strength. Glass wool with different density ranges is suitable for different engineering scenarios; therefore, understanding the relationship between density and performance is particularly important for material selection.

The density range of glass wool is typically between 10 and 100 kg/m3. Low-density products are soft and lightweight, commonly used in large-area applications such as roof insulation and lightweight thermal insulation fillers. Their advantages include convenient construction and strong coverage, but their compressive strength is limited, making them unsuitable for load-bearing locations or areas requiring minimal deformation.

Medium-density glass wool, in the 32–48 kg/m3 range, is the most widely used. It combines good thermal insulation with a certain level of strength and is commonly used in applications such as air conditioning ducts, ventilation systems, and chilled water pipe insulation. These locations usually require insulation, condensation prevention, and sound absorption, making medium-density glass wool a suitable choice due to its comprehensive performance.

For applications requiring higher strength, such as equipment insulation, industrial furnace insulation layers, and soundproof walls, glass wool with a density of 60–100 kg/m3 or even higher is typically chosen. High-density products have a denser fiber arrangement, a higher sound absorption coefficient, and are less prone to collapse, maintaining shape stability in complex environments.

Density also affects sound absorption performance. Generally, higher density results in a greater sound absorption coefficient, but the increase becomes less significant beyond a certain range (e.g., above 80 kg/m3). Therefore, acoustic engineering design considers density, thickness, and installation structure in a comprehensive way, rather than simply pursuing high density.

In summary, higher glass wool density is not always better; a reasonable range must be selected based on specific project requirements. Understanding the density-performance relationship allows for more cost-effective solutions and avoids material waste or insufficient performance.